For example, oxygen has 6 valence electrons, these six electrons fill up the 2s orbital, and partially fill the 2p subshells (2s 22p 4). The shells after (ignoring transition metals) represent the s and p-orbitals. So what does this have to do with our shells? The first "shell" represents the 1s orbital. For example, carbon has an electron configuration of 1s 22s 22p 2. The way we count our electrons is by moving from right to left, starting at the beginning of the table. F-orbitals start appearing in the lanthanides and actinides (the separated two rows). P-orbitals start appearing in period 2, and d-orbitals start appearing in period 4 (though they start counting at 3).
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